Internet Protocol
Something like a phone number or address.
IP Address, or IPv4
- An IP Address is logical because it can change based on the location of devices
- It is assigned manually or dynamically
- It is represented in decimal and has four octets,
x.x.x.x - The range is
0.0.0.0to255.255.255.255, which is 32 bits - In
255.255.255.0, the first three octets are fixed for that network. This is like a fixed street name, but different houses, or devices, have a different last octet that is unique to that device - The last octet is for the host
- The first three octets are for the network, or subnet
MAC, or Media Access Control
- The MAC Address is the name of the device
- The IP Address is the location of the device
- A MAC Address is a named physical address
| IP Address | MAC Address |
|---|---|
| Needed for communication | Needed for communication |
| 32 bits | 48 bits |
| Represented in decimal | Represented in hexadecimal |
| [[Router and Bridge | Router]] needs the IP Address to forward data |
Example: 10.10.23.56 | Example: 70-20-84-00-ED-FC |
Port Address or Port Number
- Many processes run in a node
- Data that is sent or received must reach the correct process
- A port is a communication endpoint
- Every process in a node is uniquely identified with port numbers
- Port numbers can be fixed or dynamic, from 0 to 65535