GPT-2 is a GPT model introduced in 2019. Its largest version has approximately 1.5 billion parameters.

Architecture and training

  • Uses a decoder-only Transformer
  • Predicts text from left to right
  • Uses WebText as its main reported training dataset

Changes from GPT-1

  • Increases the model size from about 117 million to 1.5 billion parameters
  • Shows In-Context Learning behaviour for some tasks
  • Uses byte-level BPE for tokenization

Byte-level BPE starts from 256 possible byte values. It can represent punctuation and other characters through their encoded bytes.

Task behaviour

The prompt can give a task context that guides the continuation. This behaviour became stronger in GPT-3, which demonstrated zero-shot and few-shot performance across more tasks.